The Principles of Aikido
Aikido has a deep spiritual connection in which we blend our energy with that of our opponent to bring a peaceful resolution. This energy is 'Ki' and is represented as the Circle, Triangle and Square.
Circle : Harmony, Movement
Triangle: Conflict, Posture
Square: Resolution, Technique
Triangle - Circle - Square
Aikido Terminology
Techniques
Aiki Kokyu Nage
Aiki breath power throw
Aiki Nage
Technically any Aiki throw, but see own Sensei for specific throw required for gradings
Aiki Otoshi
Aiki drop, again technically any Aiki drop but normally Sukui Nage is the one required
Gokyo (Ude Nobashi)
5th Set of techniques (Weapons taking)
Hiji Gaeshi
Elbow turn
Hiji Kimi Osae
Elbow bending pin (Elbow to elbow)
Ikkyo (Ude Osae)
First immobilisation
Irimi Nage
Entering throw
Irimitsuki
Entering throw
Juji Garami Nage
Cross arm throw
Jo Tori
Stick taking techniques
Kaiten Nage
Rotary throw
Kihon No Waza
Basic techniques
Kiri Otoshi
Cutting drop
Ko Ho Tento Ukemi
Rear rolling breakfall
Kokyo Nage
Breath power throw
Kokyo Ho
Breath power method
Kote Gaeshi
Wrist turn over
Kote Hineri (Sankyo)
Third immobilisation
Kote Mawashi (Nikkyo)
Second immobilisation
Nikkyo (Kote Mawashi)
Second immobilisation
Sankyo (Kote Hineri)
Third immobilisation
Shiho Nage
Four direction throw
Sokumen Irimi Nage
Second form entering throw
Sumi Otoshi
Corner drop
Tekube Osae (Yonkyo)
Fourth immobilisation
Tenchi Nage
Heaven and earth throw
Ude Garami Nage
Arm entangled throw
Ude Kimi Nage
Arm bending throw
Ude Kimi Osae
Arm bending pin (Hand to elbow)
Ude Nobashi (Gokyo)
5th Set of techniques (Weapons taking)
Ude Osae (Ikkyo)
First immobilisation
Ushiro Chudan Tsuki Kote Gaeshi
Rear punch wrist turn over
Ushiro Kiri Otoshi
Rearwards cutting drop
Ushiro Otoshi
Rearwards drop
Yama Biki No Michi
Path of a mountain echo
Yoko Guruma
Side wheel
Yoko Wakaree
Side separation
Yokomen Kiri Komi
Cutting strike to the side of head, either with the edge of the hand or the edge of a tanto
Yonkyo (Tekube Osae)
Fourth immobilisation
Attacks
Ai Hanmi Katate Tori
Right to Right / Left to Left wrist grasp
Chudan Tsuki
Thrust or punch to stomach or solar plexus
Gyaku Hanmi Katate Tori
Right to left or left to right wrist grasp
Gyaku Yokomen Oroshi
Reverse strike to the side of the head
Hiji Tori
Grasp to the elbow
Jodan Tsuki
Punch to the head
Kata Katate Tori
Grasp to the shoulder and wrist of one arm
Kata Tori
Grasp to the shoulder
Kata Tori Menuchi
Grasp of one shoulder and by a strike to the head
Katate Eri Tori
Single hand grasp to collar or lapel
Katate Mune Tori
Single hand grasp to front of upper chest
Katate Tori
Single hand grasp to wrist
Mune Tori Yokomen Kiri Komi
Single hand grasp to front of upper chest followed by a strike to the side of the head with free hand.
Mune Tsuki
Punch or thrust to the upper chest
Ryo Hiji Tori
Grasp of both elbows
Ryo Kata Tori
Grasp of both shoulders
Ryote Eri Tori
Two handed grasp of collar or lapels
Ryote Mochi
Two handed grasp of one wrist
Ryote Tori
Both hands grasping both wrists
Shomen Kiri Komi
Cutting blow to head either with the edge of hand
Shomen Oroshi
Downward blow to head with clenched fist
Shomen Uchi
Strike to top of head
Sode Tori Yokomen Kiri Komi
Sleeve hold followed by blow to side of head
Ushiro
Attack from behind
Ushiro Chudan Tsuki
Strike to centre of the back
Ushiro Eri Tori
Collar grasp from behind
Ushiro Katate Eri Tori
Single handed rear collar grasp
Ushiro Katate Tori Kubi Shimi
Rear one arm strangle & wrist grasp
Ushiro Kubi Shimi
Rear two hand strangle
Ushiro Kubi Shimi Ude Gatami
Rear one arm strangle & straight arm lock
Ushiro Ryo Hiji Tori
Both elbows grasped from behind
Ushiro Ryo Kata Tori
Both shoulders grasped from behind
Ushiro Ryote Kubi Shimi
Two handed choke from behind
Ushiro Ryote Tori
Both wrists grasped from behind
Yoko Gedan Tsuki
Blow or thrust to the side of the body
Yoko Nanami Oblique
Strike diagonally across the body
Yoko Tsuki
Side thrust or blow
Yokomen Kiri Komi
Cutting strike to the side of head,
Yokomen Oroshi
'Hooking' blow to side of head
General Terminology
Aikido
The 'way' of harmony
Ashi
Leg or foot
Ayumi Ashi
Normal walking
Atemi
Strike (hit, punch or kick)
Bokken
Wooden sword
Bokken Tori
Wooden sword taking techniques
Dojo
Training hall or room
Hanmi
Posture in relation to opponent
Hanmi Handachi
Tori Kneeling, Uke Standing
Hidari
Left hand side
Hiki Taoshi
Pulling down techniques (ie. Sankyo)
Irimi
To enter or entering
Jime/Shime
To tighten or strangle
Jo
Four foot stick or staff
Jo Tori
Stick taking techniques
Jo Waza
Techniques performed using a stick
Kamae
Posture
Kamiza
The 'shrine' where O Sensei's picture is placed)
b.Paper
c.Gods
Kata
a.Form or drill type of training method
b.Shoulder
c.One
Katame Waza (Osae Waza)
Hold down techniques
Kihon No Waza
Basic techniques
Keikogi
Practice kit
Ko Ho Tento Ukemi - Rear rolling breakfall
Kokyo Ho
Breath power method
Kube Nage
Neck throw
Mai Ai
Correct distance between Tori & Uke
Mai Ukemi
Forward breakfall
Nage
To throw
Nage Waza
Throwing techniques
Obi
Belt
Osae
Pin (ie. Osae Waza = 'pin down' techniques)
Osae Waza (Katame Waza)
Hold Down/Pin techniques
Oshi
To push (Nikkyo is an oshi taioshi or 'push down' technique)
Oshi Taoshi
Pushing down techniques (ie. Ikkyo)
Randori
Freestyle practise (neither attacks nor defences named)
Rei
Bow (ie. tachi rei = standing bow, performed by students to each other, before practising techniques)
Renraku Waza
Combination techniques
Renzoku Waza
Continuation techniques
Ryo Gan Tsuki - Two finger thrust to the eyes, can be used as attack or defence
Seiza
Kneel or sit down
Shikko
Knee walking
Shizentai
Natural, upright posture
Sode
Sleeve
Soto
Outside or outer
Suwari Waza
Techniques performed with Tori & Uke kneeling
Tachi
Standing (ie. Tachi rei = standing bow)
Tai Sabaki
Body movement
Taiho Jutsu
Arrest techniques (with or without a baton)
Tanto
Knife
Tanto Tori
Knife taking techniques
Tanto Waza
Knife techniques
Tatami
Practise mats
Tate
Vertical or standing
Te
Hand
Tenkan
Outside or bypass
Ten Kai Ashi
Pivot
Tenkan Ashi
Step pivot
Tori
a.Defender
b.To grasp, hold in hands.
Tsugi Ashi
Sliding step or method of walking whereby the rear foot slides up to, but never passes, the front foot
Tsuki
Poke, stab or thrust forward (ie. mune tsuki = punch to chest), pronounced ski
Uchi
Inside or inner
Ude
Arm
Uke
To receive, commonly used as a term to describe the attacker, or person the technique is being applied to.
Ukemi
Breakfall
Undo
Exercise (ie. Ko Ho Tento Undo = Backward rolling exercise)
Ushiro Ukemi
Rear breakfall
Waza
Technique, commonly used to refer to a set of techniques (ie. Nage Waza = throwing techniques)
Yubi
Fingers or toes
Yoko Hiki Taoshi
Side pushing down technique
Yoko Oshi Taoshi
Side pulling down technique
Yoko Ukemi
Side breakfall
Zanshin
Awareness
Zempo Kaiten Ukemi
Forward rolling breakfall